A new reference source
scheduled for publication in 1995, Encyclopedia of Modern Separatist Movements by Stephen Dunn and published by
ABC Clio [ISBN 0-87436-752-2], will undoubtedly be a valuable
starting place for researchers studying this topic.
AFRICA
Adam, Hussein M., 'Formation
and Recognition of New States: Somaliland in Contrast to Eritrea',
Review of African Political Economy (March 1994): pp.21-38.
[Discusses the liberation movements and politics].
'Afrikanerdom Divided: South
Africa', The Economist, 9 Oct. 1993, pp.44-5. [Independence
movement of the Afrikaner Volksfront].
Ansprenger, Franz, Suedafrika:
Eine Geschichte von Freiheitskaempfen (Mannheim: Bibliographisches
Institut & F.A. Brockhaus AG, 1994). [History of liberation
movements in South Africa].
Battersby, John, 'Namibian
Sovereignty Complete as S. Africa Withdraws from Port', Christian
Science Monitor, 1 March 1994, p.7.
Baxter, Sarah, 'Rebirth
of a Nation', New Statesman & Society, 6 May 1994, pp.24-25.
[Waning of far-right separatist groups].
Boustany, Nora, 'Despite
Cease-fire, Yemeni Fighting Heats up After South's Bid to Split
Union', Washington Post, 22 May 1994, p.A30.
Bryden, Matt, 'Fierce Independent',
Africa Report, (Nov.-Dec. 1994): pp.35-40. [History of the Somali
National Movement from 1978 to secession as Somaliland].
Connell, Dan, 'Eritrea:
A Revolution in Process', Monthly Review (July-Aug. 1993): pp.1-25.
[Government of EPLF].
Keller, Bill, 'White Rightists
Vow to Boycott and Defy South African Vote', New York Times,
11 Feb. 1994, p.A1. [Afrikaner Volksfront separatists].
Omaar, Rakiya, 'Somaliland:
One Thorn Bush at a Time', Current History (May 1994): pp.232-6.
[Independence from Somalia in 1991 not recognized].
Pateman, Roy, 'Eritrea Takes
the World Stage', Current History (May 1994): pp.228-31. [Independence
in 1993 after Eritrean People's Liberation Front achieved autonomy].
Richburg, Keith B., 'Fall
of African Dictatorships Fuels Separatist Feeling', Washington
Post, 25 March 1992, p.A1.
'South Africa: Afrikanerdom
Divided', The Economist, 9 Oct. 1993, pp.44-5. [South African
Afrikaner Volksfront and self-determination].
'UN Plan for Western Sahara
is Launched: Military Observers Stationed at 10 Posts', UN Chronicle
(Dec. 1991): pp.28-9. [Referendum on independence or integration
with Morocco].
Vincent, Thierry, 'Cabinda:
L'impossible accord', Jeune Afrique, 24 Feb./2 Mar. 1994, pp.20-2.
[Separatist movement in Cabinda].
Voll, Daniel, 'Into the
Heart of Whiteness', Esquire (Aug. 1994): pp.76-84. [Interview
with South African separatist Eugene Terre Blanche, leader of
the Afrikaner Resistance Movement].
'Yemen Truce Collapses',
New York Times, 8 June 1994, p.A16. [War against separatist
south].
Yemen Accuses Rebels of
Defying the U.N.', New York Times, 4 June 1994, p.A3. [Secessionists
in the south].
ASIA
Anderson, John Ward, 'Kashmir's
Conflict Explodes Again', Washington Post, 23 Oct. 1993, p.A1.
[Indian Army against Muslim separatists].
Baruah, Sanjib, 'The State
and Separatist Militancy in Assam', Asian Survey (Oct. 1994):
pp.863-77. [Indian government ends rebellion in Assam].
Bowring, Philip and Adam
Schwarz, 'Live and Let Live', Far Eastern Economic Review, 11
July 1991, pp.12-13. [Indonesian Foreign Minister Alatas discusses
the separatist rebels in Aceh].
'Burmese Army Captures Stronghold
of Insurgents', New York Times, 28 Jan. 1995, p.A2. [Capture
of Manerplaw, the headquarters of the Karen separatist group].
Chen, Kathy, 'China Faces
Dissent as Some Muslims in Xinjiang Push for Separate State',
Wall Street Journal, 16 Aug. 1994, P.A8.
Clad, James, 'Terrorism's
Toll', Far Eastern Economic Review, 11 Oct. 1990, pp.33-4. [Sikhs
in Punjab India]
Crossette, Barbara, 'Defections
Deepening Kabul's Isolation', New York Times, 9 April 1992,
p.A3. [Establishment of autonomous provinces].
Davis, Anthony, 'Kashmir:
War without End?', World Press Review (Feb. 1995): pp.22-4.
[Separatist revolt in India].
Delfs, Robert, 'Islamic
Call to Arms', Far Eastern Economic Review, 3 May 1990, pp:
10-11. [Islamic separatists in China's Xinjiang Autonomous Region].
de Silva, Manik, 'Ground
for Blood', Far Eastern Economic Review, 22 Aug. 1991, p.17.
[Sri Lankan troops defeat Tamil separatists].
________, 'Savaged by Tigers',
Far Eastern Economic Review, 13 Dec. 1990, pp.22-23. [Separatist
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam].
de Silva, Mervyn, 'War and
Peace', Far Eastern Economic Review, 13 Oct. 1994, p.32. [Tamil
separatists in Sri Lanka].
Fink, Johann, 'In East Asia,
Many Peoples Seek Statehood', Christian Science Monitor, 19
Sept. 1991, p.19.
Fredholm, Michael, Burma:
Ethnicity and Insurgency (New York: Praeger, 1993). [Includes
historical background and discussion of major groups including
the Karen, Pa-O, Karenni, and others].
Hodgin, Deanna, 'A Violent
Life between Two Guns', Insight, 20 Aug. 1990, p.27. [Separatist
groups fighting for Kashmir independence].
Hussein, Abida Syeda, 'One
Side's View: The Search for Stability in Kashmir', Harvard International
Review (Fall 1993): pp.38-9.
Gargan, Edward A. 'Afghanistan,
Always Riven, is Breaking into Ethnic Parts', New York Times,
17 Jan. 1993, p.1.
'Kashmiri Separatist Leader
is Captured by Indian Troops', New York Times, 13 March 1994,
p.9. [Javed Ahmmed Mir, leader of the Jammu-Kashmir Liberation
Front].
Lintner, Bertil, 'Loss and
Exile', Far Eastern Economic Review, 16 Feb. 1995, p.23. [Karen
rebels retreat into mountains or to Thailand].
Manchanda, Rita, 'Loss of
Confidence', Far Eastern Economic Review, 3 Sept. 1992, pp.22-3.
[Growing separatist movements in the Indian states of Kashmir
and Jammu].
'Manila Signs a Truce Accord
with the Muslim Guerrillas,' New York Times, 31 Jan. 1994, p.A2.
[Cease-fire agreement with Muslim separatists].
Manogaran, Chelvadurai and
Bryan Pfaffenberger, eds., The Sri Lankan Tamils: Ethnicity
and Identity (Boulder, CO.: Westview, 1994). [Covers the history
of the conflict, especially the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam,
separatism, and secession].
McBeth, John, 'Clans in
Conflict', Far Eastern Economic Review, 6 Sept. 1990, pp.27-30.
[Muslim separatist sentiment in Mindanao and the Moro National
Liberation Front in the Philippines].
McDonald, H. 'The Ravaged
Valley: Kashmiri Separatist Challenge to New Delhi Deepens',
Far Eastern Economic Review, 20 June 1991, pp.8-9.
'Philippines: Tired of Revolution',
The Economist, 30 Oct. 1993, p.38. [Negotiations between the
Filipino government and the Moro National Liberation Front].
Quinn, M. J., Philippine
Insurgencies and the U.S. Response (Newport, RI: Naval War College,
1991). [Discusses the communist insurgency since 1968 and the
Moslem separatist movement].
Osmaston, Henry, 'The Kashmir
Problem', Geographical, (June 1990), pp.16-21. [Vague borders
in Kashmir and the separatist movement].
Sarkar, Jayanta, 'Tribal
Trouble', Far Eastern Economic Review, 1 Sept. 1994, p.26. [Bodo
tribal insurgency in India].
Schwarz, Adam, 'Deadly Suspicion',
Far Eastern Economic Review, 25 July 1991, pp.18-20. [Indonesian
military's campaign against separatist rebels in Aceh province].
________, 'Eastern Reproach',
Far Eastern Economic Review, 11 July 1991, pp.23-25. [Separatist
movement in Indonesia's Irian Jaya region].
Shastri, Amita, 'The Material
Basis for Separatism: The Tamil Eelam Movement in Sri Lanka',
Journal of Asian Studies (Feb. 1990): pp.56-77.
Shenon, Philip, 'Gangs Terrorizing
East Timor Seen as Effort to Quell Dissent', New York Times,
26 Feb. 1995, p.10. [Alleged attempt by Indonesian army to crush
separatist movement].
________, 'Seven Cambodian
Provinces Announce Secession', New York Times, 13 June 1993,
p.6.
Sisson, Richard and Munira
Majmundar, 'India in 1990: Political Polarization', Asian Survey
(Feb. 1991): pp.103-112. [Discussion of separatist movements].
'Sri Lankan Rebels Agree
to Truce, Negotiators Say', New York Times, 4 Jan. 1995, p.A2.
[Tamil rebels].
Stahl, Max, 'Timor-Oriental,
defaite politique pour Djakarta: Une armee contre un peuple
insoumis', Monde diplomatique (April 1994): p.26. [Ideology
of the Revolutionary Front for the Independence of East Timor
and its commanders].
'Taiwan Issue Seriously
Concerned', Beijing Review, 28 Oct. 1991, p.10. [China's concern
over the separatist activities of the Taiwan Democratic Progressive
Party (DPP)].
Tasker, Rodney and Michael
Vatikiotis, 'Thailand: Troubled Frontier', Far Eastern Economic
Review, 16 Sept. 1993, p.12. [Muslim separatists in Thailand's
southern regions and possible bases inside Malaysia].
Tasker, Rodney, 'Southern
Discomfort', Far Eastern Economic Review, 2 Sept. 1993, pp.20-21.
[Muslim separatist violence in Thailand].
Taylor, John G., Indonesia's
Forgotten War: The Hidden History of East Timor (London: Zed
Books, 1991).
Tefft, Sheila, 'China Looks
to Control Separatists in Tibet Through Buddhist Lamas', Christian
Science Monitor, 29 March 1993, p.7.
Tiglao, Rigoberto, 'Hidden
Strength: Muslim Insurgents Shun Publicity and Grow in Power',
Far Eastern Economic Review, 23 Feb. 1995, pp.22-7. [Moro Islamic
Liberation Front on the Philippine island of Mindanao].
Trebach, Bradford, 'Muslim
Separatists in a Chinese Province', Wall Street Journal, 15
Sept. 1994, p.A15. [Muslims of Xinjiang].
Varshney, Ashutosh, 'Contested
Meanings: India's National Identity, Hindu Nationalism, and
the Politics of Anxiety', Daedalus (Summer 1993): pp.227-61.
[Discusses secular nationalism, Hindu nationalism and separatist
nationalism in Kashmir and Punjab].
________, 'India, Pakistan
and Kashmir: Antinomies of Nationalism', Asian Survey (Nov.
1991): pp.997-1019.
Whitehead, Andrew, 'Killing
Time in Kashmir', New Statesman & Society, 3 Sept. 1993,
pp.23-4. [Suppression of separatists].
Yaeger, Carl H, 'Sikh Terrorism
in the Struggle for Khalistan', Terrorism (Oct. 1991): pp.221-31.
CANADA, UNITED STATES
'L'attrait du separatisme',
Politique internationale (Spring 1994): pp.329-37. [Interview
with Lucien Bouchard].
Ceaser, James W. 'One Canada--or
Two?', World & I (Sept. 1992): pp.136-43. [Debate over secession
and the U.S.'s position].
Chipello, Christopher and
John Urquhart, 'Parti Quebecois's Slim Margin of Victory in
Quebec Election Signals Rocky Times', Wall Street Journal, 14
Sept. 1994, p.A15.
Cruickshank, John, 'Why
Canada Probably Won't Fall Apart; Despite Quebec Elections,
Separatist Forces are Weaker than They Seem', Christian Science
Monitor, 21 Sept. 1994, p.19.
Diemer, Ulli, 'On Self-Determination',
Canadian Dimension (Dec. 1994): pp.27-8. [The left's position].
Farnsworth, Clyde H., 'Quebec
Chief Vows to Fight for Canada', New York Times, 19 Dec. 1993,
p.15. [Leader of Liberal Party in Quebec fights against separatists].
Fost, Dan, 'The New Civil
Wars: Secession in the 1990s', American Demographics (March
1992): pp.9-10. [Calls for secession within states such as California
and Illinois].
Garcia-Passalacqua, Juan
M. 'The Grand Dilemma: Viability and Sovereignty for Puerto
Rico', Annuals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science (May 1994): pp.151-64.
Gillmore, Don 'Lucien in
the Sky with Diatribes', Saturday Night (June 1994): pp.38-44.
[Quebec separatist Lucien Bouchard].
Jhappan, Radha, 'Aboriginal
Self-Government', The Canadian Forum (Oct. 1992): pp.15-16.
[Proposed amendment in the Canadian constitution].
Kowalski, B. J., 'Quebec's
Separatists', World Press Review (Nov. 1994): p.23. [Parti Quebecois].
Langan, Fred, 'Quebec as
a Nation: A Costly Idea', Christian Science Monitor, 2 Oct.
1991, p.7. [Study of economic effects by an economist].
Lesieur, Jean, 'Le Quebec
bientot "libre"?' L'express, 13 Jan. 1994, pp.40-8.
[Separatist politics].
Mercer, Joye, 'A Fighter
of Hawaiian Sovereignty', Chronicle of Higher Education, 16
Nov. 1994, p.A6. [L. K. Kame'eleihiwa's struggle for Hawaiian
independence].
'Movement for Sovereignty
is Growing in Hawaii', New York Times, 5 June 1994, sec. 1,
p.36.
Newman, Peter C. 'The Sheer
Foolishness of Quebec Separatists', Maclean's, 23 May 1994,
p.35.
Olin, Dirk, 'Haole Go Home',
Outside (Aug. 1994): p.21. [Separatist group Ka Lahui].
Pinard, Maurice, 'The Dramatic
Reemergence of the Quebec Independence Movement', Journal of
International Affairs (Winter 1992): pp.471-97.
Richler, Mordecai, 'O Quebec',
The New Yorker, 30 May 1994, pp.50-8. [Discussion of the clout
of the Bloc Quebecois].
________, Oh Canada! Oh
Quebec! Requiem for a Divided Country (New York: Random House,
1992).
________, 'Inside/Outside',
The New Yorker, 23 Sept. 1991, p.40-70. [History and future
of Quebec separatism].
Santiago, Esmerelda, 'Island
of Lost Causes', New York Times, 14 Nov. 1993, p.E17. [Previous
attempts at independence in Puerto Rico].
Simpson, J. 'The Two Canadas',
Foreign Policy (Winter 1990/91): pp.71-86.
Steif, William, 'A Kind
of Quebec', The Progressive (Oct. 1992): p.31. [Puerto Rico
separatism].
Terry, E., 'Trouble in Paradise:
Ethnic Movement for Self-rule Gains Momentum', Far Eastern Economic
Review, 11 March 1993, pp.32-3. [Hawaii].
Trask, Haunani-Kay, 'Tourist,
Stay Home: Native Hawaiians Want Their Land Back', The Progressive
(July 1993): pp.32-4. [Separatist group Ka Lahui Hawai'i].
Webster, Norman, 'Parizeau:
The Life of the Parti', Maclean's, 4 Apr. 1994, p.64. [Sketch
of Parti Quebecois leader Jacques Parizeau].
Wood, Daniel B., 'Hawaii's
Search for Sovereignty; In the Aloha State, a Self-determination
Movement Gains Strength from Diverse Political Groups', Christian
Science Monitor, 17 Oct. 1994, p.9. [Ohana Council declares
independence].
United States. House. Committee
on Foreign affairs, Self-determination by the People of Puerto
Rico: Joint Hearing, October 5, 1993, before the Subcommittees
on International Security, International Organizations and Human
Rights and Western Hemisphere Affairs (Washington, D.C.: Supt
of Documents, 1993; cat. no. Y 4.F 76/1:P 96/2)
COMMONWEALTH
OF INDEPENDENT STATES
Bonner, Raymond, 'In Caucasus,
Separatist Struggle is Pursued as Pogrom', New York Times, 5
Feb. 1995, p.3. [Abkhazian separatists against Georgians in
the province].
________, 'Separatists in
Georgia Look to Russia for Protection', New York Times, 12 June
1994, p.18. [South Ossetia seeking incorporation into the Russian
Federation].
________, 'Ethnic War Lacerates
Former Soviet Resort Area', New York Times, 8 June 1994, p.A3.
[Abkhazian separatists].
Burke, Justin, 'In Siberia,
Diamonds Form Rock-hard Base for Autonomy; But Officials in
Vast Region Worry about Prospects for Civil War', Christian
Science Monitor, 12 Feb. 1993, p.1. [Possible autonomy for Sakha-Yakutia}.
Dale, Catherine, 'Turmoil
in Abkhazia: Russian Responses, RFE/RL Research Report, 27 Aug.
1993, pp.48-57.
Daulet, Shafiga, 'Tartarstan's
Separate Peace; Chechens Could Learn from the Model of Tatar
"Secession"', Christian Science Monitor, 23 Dec. 1993,
p.18.
Erlanger, Steven, 'Behind
the Bearhug: Chechnya's Case for Freedom', New York Times, 22
Dec. 1994, p.A7.
________, 'Heirs of the
Golden Horde Reclaim a Tatar Culture', New York Times, 13 Aug.
1993, p.A3. [Secession movement in Tatarstan, Russia].
Fedarko, Kevin, 'Siege of
Sukhumi', Time, 4 Oct. 1993, pp: 48-53. [Abkhazian separatists].
'Georgia Seeks Russian Help
against Rebels', New York Times, 10 Feb. 1994, p.A5. [To combat
separatists in Abkhazia].
Goldberg, Carey, 'Chechen
War Raises Fear of New Instability', Los Angeles Times, 24 Dec.
1994, p.A1. [Possible similar movements throughout the Russian
Federation].
________, 'Russian Republics:
Heading for a Slow Spinoff?' Los Angeles Times, 19 April 1993,
p.A24.
________, 'Tatars Defy Yeltsin,
Vote on Self-rule, Los Angeles Times, 22 March 1992, p.A1. [Tatarstan].
Gray, Malcolm, 'Moldova's
Dirty War', Maclean's, 27 July 1992, pp.20-1. [The war in Bendery
Moldova between Moldovan forces and Slav separatists].
Ignatius, Adi, 'Former Yeltsin
Aide Believes Russia May be Heading toward Disintegration',
Wall Street Journal, 9 June 1993, p.A10(W), A9(E). [Yuriy Skokov,
former national security adviser].
King, Charles, 'Eurasia
Letter: Moldova with a Russian Face', Foreign Policy (Winter
1994): pp.106-120. [Succession of Transnistria from Moldova].
Mycio, Mary, 'Crimea OK's
Constitution Declaring its Independence from Ukraine', Los Angeles
Times, 21 May 1994, p.A8.
Pain, Emil, 'Yeltsin Aides
See Separatism Fading in Russia', Current Digest of the Post-Soviet
Press, 46/23, 6 July 1994, p.9.
Peju, Marcel, 'Apres l'URSS,
la Russie craque', Jeune Afrique, 5-11 Aug. 1993, pp.34-6. [Surveys
separatist movements within the republics and autonomous regions].
Pstrukhina, Yelena, 'Regionalism in Russia--Prelude to Separatism?',
Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, 45/9, 31 March 1993,
p.11.
Radu, Michael, 'Moldova:
The Next Ethnic Powder Keg?', World & I (July 1992): pp.144-9.
[Secessionist region on the left bank].
Rotar, Igor, 'Crimea: Fate
of Abkhazia, Dnestr Area is no Guide', Current Digest of the
Post-Soviet Press, 46/11, 13 April 1994, pp.9-10.
Rupert, James, 'Russian
Regions Seek Autonomy: Rich Pacific Territory is Latest to Claim
Control of its Resources', Washington Post, 9 July 1993, p.A14.
[Pacific Maritime Territory].
'Russia's Far East: A World
Away', The Economist, 11 Sept. 1993, p.54. [Signs of separatist
movement].
'Separatist Winning Crimea
Presidency', New York Times, 31 Jan. 1994, p.A8. [Yuriy Meshkov].
Shapiro, Margaret, 'Tatarstan
Votes for Self-rule, Repudiating Russia and Yeltsin', Washington
Post, 23 March 1992, p.A11.
Sloane, Wendy, 'Russia's
Bashkir Republic Pushes for its Autonomy; Local leaders Express
Anger as Yeltsin Constitution Reneges on Rights', Christian
Science Monitor, 26 Oct. 1993, p.6.
Solchanyk, Roman, 'The Crimean
Imbroglio: Kiev and Simferopol', RFE/RL Research Report, 21
Aug. 1992, pp.13-16. [Crimean separatist movement].
Stanley, Alessandra, '24,000
Dead in Chechnya, Rights Group Tells Yeltsin', New York Times,
22 Feb. 1995, p.A8.
Teague, Elizabeth, 'Russia
and Tatarstan Sign Power-sharing Treaty', RFE/RL Research Report,
8 April 1994, pp.19-27. [Gives Tatarstan more privileges but
does not recognize its sovereignty].
Todres, Vladimir, 'Division:
So Far, Bashkiria is Pleased with the Sovereignty it has Achieved',
Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press 47/6, 8 March 1995,
p.8. [Russian republic of Bashkiria].
'Ukraine Moves to Oust Leader
of Separatists', New York Times, 19 march 1995, p.9. [Yuriy
Meshkov]
'A World Away', The Economist,
11 Sept. 1993, p.54. [Autonomy movements in Russia's Far East].
EASTERN
EUROPE (EXCLUDING THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA) AND TURKEY
Avebury, Eric, 'Self-determination
and International Law: The Kurdish Case', International Journal
of Kurdish Studies 7/1-2 (1994): pp.7-17. [Provides historical
perspectives and UN and CSCE positions].
Barraclough, Colin, 'The
Kurds: A Fire in Turkey's Underbelly', Insight on the News,
25 Oct. 1993, pp.6-11.
Bolukbasi, Suha, 'Ankara,
Damascus, Baghdad and the Regionalization of Turkey's Kurdish
Secessionism', Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies
(Summer 1991): pp.15-36.
Brown, Chris, ed. Political
Restructuring in Europe: Ethical Perspectives (London; New York:
Routledge, 1994). [Secession and self-determination in Eastern
Europe].
Button, Stephen H., 'Turkey
Struggles with Kurdish Separatism', Military Review (Dec. 1994/Jan.-Feb.
1995): pp.70-83.
Darnton, John, 'Rights Violations
in Turkey Said to Rise', New York Times, 6 March 1995, p.A8.
[Against Kurdish separatists].
Gunter, Michael, 'Foreign
Influences on the Kurdish Insurgency in Iraq', Orient (March
1993): pp.105-19. [Deals with US involvement].
________, 'The Kurdish Insurgency
in Turkey', Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies
(Summer 1990): pp.57-81.
Ionescu, Dan, 'Romanian
Concern over the Conflict in Moldova, RFE/RL Research Report,
1 May 1992, pp.46-51.
Landay, Jonathan S. 'Montenegrins
Sing Hymns of Secession', Christian Science Monitor, 9 Nov.
1993, p.7. [From Serbia].
Marcus, Aliza, 'Turkey's
Kurds Fight on Alone', Nation, 3 Jan. 1994, pp.8-10.
Moran, C. J., Kurdish Problem--Federalism
or an Emerging State (Carlisle Barracks, PA: Army War College,
1993). [Discusses the de facto autonomy of Iraqi Kurdistan].
Smyth, Gareth, 'War without
End', New Statesman & Society, 1 Apr. 1994, pp.14-15. [Conflict
between Turkish government and Kurdish separatists].
Tsielepis, Toumazos, 'The
People's Right to Self-determination and its Application to
Cyprus', Cyprus Review (Spring 1993): pp.46-55.
'Turkey and the Kurds: Ethnic
Cleansing', The Economist, 17 Dec. 1994, pp.52-3.
'Turkey's Kurds: Scorched
Earth', The Economist, 11 June 1994, pp.47-48.
MEXICO, CARIBBEAN, CENTRAL AND SOUTH
AMERICA
Blount, Jeb, 'Some Southern
Brazilians Want Out', Christian Science Monitor, 9 Feb. 1993,
p.6. [Formation of the Federal
Republic of the Gaucho Pampa].
Brooke, James, 'White Flight
in Brazil? Secession Caldron Boils', New York Times, 12 May
1993, p.A6. [Separatist leader Irton Marx and possible secession
of the three southernmost states to form the Republic of the Pampas].
Castello Branco, Carlos,
'A federacao tambem ameacada pela crise do estado brasileiro',
Jornal do Brasil, 27 Dec. 1992, p.2.
Guillermoprieto, Alma, 'The
Unmasking', New Yorker, 13 March 1995, pp.40-7. [Mexican president's
expose and denouncement of Zapatistas' leader Marcos].
LaFranchi, Howard, '"Autonomy"
is the Buzzword for Mexico's Southern States', Christian Science
Monitor, 23 Nov. 1994, p.8. [Chiapas region].
Premdas, Ralph R. and Hugh
Williams, 'Tobago: The Quest for Self-Determination in the Caribbean',
Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism 19/1-2 (1992): pp.117-27.
Zogby, Emilio, 'Separatsimo
a la colombiana entra por San Andres, isla', Espectador, 15
Septembre 1991, p.12A.
MIDDLE
EAST
'Arafat Names Members of
Autonomy Council', Middle East Reporter, 14 May 1994, p.72.
Baram, A. 'Territorial Nationalism
in the Middle East', Middle East Studies (Oct. 1990): pp.425-48.
Blumenfeld, Laura, 'First
Steps to Freedom', Washington Post, 5 July 1994, p.C1. [End
of occupation in Jericho, Gaza Strip and West Bank].
Ford, Peter, 'How Much Palestinian
Self-rule Allowed under Autonomy Accord?' Christian Science
Monitor, 20 May 1994, p.7.
Ghabra, Shafeeq, 'National
Independence in the Arab World: The Case of the Palestinians',
Journal of Arab Affairs (Spring 1992): pp.68-90.
Hoffman, David, 'Israelis
Reconciling to Palestinian State', Washington Post, 17 July
1994, p.A1.
Loftian, Saideh, 'Human
Rights and the Challenge of Ethnic Separatist Movements in the
Middle East', Iranian Journal of International Affairs (Spring/Summer
1994): pp.91-118. [Discusses the Palestinian and Kurdish movements].
Nelan, Bruce W., 'From Rebels
to Rulers', Time, 13 Dec. 1993, pp.48-9. [Beginning of PLO self-rule
in the Gaza strip and Jericho].
'Palestinians: Autonomy:
The Hopes and the Fears', Middle East Reporter, 18 June 1994,
pp.9-11.
Wing, Adrien Katherine,
'The Intifada: The Emergence of Embryonic Legal Mechanisms for
Palestinian Self-Determination', Arab Studies Quarterly (Fall
1993): pp.63-82.
POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, ETHICAL, LEGAL ISSUES
Alksnis, V. 'Suffering from
Self-determination', Foreign Policy (Fall 1991): pp.61-71.
Anaya, S. J., 'The Capacity
of International Law to Advance Ethnic or Nationality Rights
Claims', Human Rights Quarterly (Aug. 1991): pp.403-11.
Barkin, J. Samuel and Bruce
Cronin, 'The State and the Nation: Changing Norms and the Rules
of Sovereignty in International Relations', International Organization
(Winter 1994): pp.107-30. [Discusses the conflict between state
sovereignty and national sovereignty].
Beichman, Arnold, 'Some
Hatreds Seem to Defy All Efforts at Peacekeeping', Insight on
the News, 22 Aug. 1994, pp.37-8. [Philosophical problem between
the right to self-determination and legal recognition].
Bookman, Milica Zarkovic,
The Economics of Secession (New York: St. Martin's, 1992). [Studies
30 contemporary secessionist movements].
Brown, Chris, ed., Political
Restructuring in Europe: Ethical Perspectives (London; New York:
Routledge, 1994). [Examines the right of secession and self-determination
in Eastern Europe with historical and legal overviews].
Buchanan, Allen, Secession:
The Morality of Political Divorce from Fort Sumter to Lithuania
and Quebec (Boulder, CO.: Westview, 1991).
Buchanan, A., 'Self-determination
and the Right to Secede', Journal of International Affairs (Winter
1992): pp.347-65.
Christie, C. J., 'Partition,
Separatism and National Identity: A Reassessment', The Political
Quarterly, (Jan./March 1992): pp.68-78.
Church, George J., "Splinter,
Splinter Little State', Time, 6 July 1992, pp.36-9. [Consequences
of various autonomy movements].
Cohen, Stephen P, 'U.S.
Security in a Separatist Season', Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
(July 1992): pp.28-32. [Worldwide implications of the breakup
of multi-ethnic states].
Crossette, Barbara, 'What
is a Nation?: Chechnya Case Revives U.N. Debate about Sovereignty
and Minorities', New York Times, 26 Dec. 1994, p.A5. [Examines
U.N.'s response to the limits of self-determination].
Cullen, Robert, 'Rights
and Foreign Policy: Collective Rights and Nationalism', Current
(June 1993): pp.28-32. [Need for a U.S. foreign policy to deal
with self-determination].
Cutler, Lloyd N., 'The Dilemma
of Secession', Washington Post, 21 July 1991, p.C7. [Question
of legal rights to secede from a federal system].
Etzioni, Amitai, 'The Evils
of Self-determination', Foreign Policy (Winter 1992): pp.21-35.
[Loss of more powerful democratic states and the economic consequences].
'Fourth Committee; The Right
to Self-determination: A Speedy Exercise', UN Chronicle (March
1992): p.89. [General Assembly resolution advocating self-determination
for all non-self-governing territories].
Franck, T. M., 'The Emerging
Right to Democratic Governance', American Journal of International
Law (Jan. 1992): pp.46-91.
Gottlieb, Gidon, 'Nations
without States', Foreign Affairs (May 1994): pp.100-12. [Discusses
the Wilsonian principle of self-determination].
Gelb, Leslie H., 'The Curse
of Nations', New York Times, 5 July 1992, sec. 4, p.E11. [Problem
of minority freedoms].
________, 'The Dark Side
of Disunity', New York Times, 10 July 1991, p.A15. [Dangers
of self-determination].
Glynn, Patrick, 'The Age
of Balkanization', Commentary (July 1993): pp.21-5. [Collapse
of global unity].
Goldman, S.E., 'A Right
of Intervention Based upon Impaired Sovereignty', World Affairs
(Winter 1994): pp.124-9.
Greenfeld, Liah, 'Transcending
the Nation's Worth', Daedalus (Summer 1993): pp.47-62. [Reasons
for establishing nations].
Grier, Peter, 'Nationalist
Trends Threatens World Borders', Christian Science Monitor,
11 May 1994, p.1.
Halperin, Morton and David
Scheffer, Self-Determination in the New World Order (Washington,
D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1992).
Heraclides, Alexis, 'Secession,
Self-Determination and Nonintervention: In Quest of a Normative
Symbiosis', Journal of International Affairs (Winter 1992):
pp.399-420. [Defining a separatist movement].
________, The Self-Determination
of Minorities in International Politics (Totowa, N.J.: F. Cass,
1991). [Armed separatist movements in Katanga, Biafra, Sudan,
Iraq, Kurdistan, Bangladesh, Moro area, and Eritrea].
________, 'Secessionist
Minorities and External Involvement', International Organization
(Summer 1990): pp.341-78. [Secessionist movements in Katanga,
Biafra, Southern Sudan, Bangladesh, Kurdistan, Eritrea, and
Moro, Philippines].
Hobsbawm, Eric, 'Whose Fault-Line
Is It Anyway?' New Statesman & Society, 24 April 1992, pp.23-6.
[Analyzes nationalist separatist movements and violence through
Europe].
________, 'Dangerous Exit
from a Stormy World', New Statesman and Society, 8 Nov. 1991,
pp.16-17. [Problems of autonomy and viability of states].
Horowitz, Donald L. 'Irredentas
and Secessions: Adjacent Phenomena, Neglected Connections',
International Journal of Comparative Sociology (Jan./April 1992):
pp.118-130. [Discussion of transborder groups].
Howe, Marvine, 'U.N. Panel
Backs Indigenous Peoples' Rights', New York Times, 15 Oct. 1992,
p.A12. [Center for Human Rights].
'Identities, espaces, frontieres',
Espaces et societes: Revue scientifique internationale, nos.
70/71 (1993): pp.5-211. [10 articles analyzing autonomy movements
in Canada and Europe].
Keane, John, 'Nations, Nationalism
and Citizens in Europe', International Social Science Journal
(June 1994): pp.169-84. [Discusses the doctrine of self-determination].
Kampelman, Max M., 'Secession
and Self-Determination: New States and Old Problems', Current
(Nov. 1993): pp.35-9. [Discusses the necessity of distinguishing
between these concepts].
Krol, M., 'A Europe of Nations
or a Universalistic Europe', International Affairs (April 1990):
pp.285-90.
Lapidoth, R., 'Sovereignty
in Transition', Journal of International Affairs (Winter 1992):
pp.325-46.
Lemarchand, Rene, 'The Siren
Song of Self-Determination', UNESCO Courier (June 1993): pp.29-33.
[Tactics of groups to achieve autonomy].
Lind, Michael, 'In Defense
of Liberal Nationalism', Foreign Affairs (May-June 1994): pp.87-99.
[U.S. responses to autonomy movements].
Mayall, James and Mark Simpson,
'Ethnicity is not Enough: Reflections on Protracted Secessionism
in the Third World', International Journal of Comparative Sociology
(Jan./April 1992): pp.5-25. [Development of separatist movements
in the Third World after the end of the Cold War].
Mayall, J. 'Non-intervention,
Self-determination and the "New World Order"', International
Affairs (July 1991): pp.421-9.
McMullen, Ronald K, 'Ethnic
Conflict in Russia: Implications for the United States', Studies
in Conflict & Terrorism (July 1993): pp.201-218.
[Political
turmoil in central government allowing for non-Russian separatist
movements to leave the Russian Federation].
Mikesell, M. W. and A. B.
Murphy, 'A Framework for Comparative Study of Minority-group
Aspirations', Annals of the Association of American Geographers
(Dec. 1991): pp.581-604.
Mitra, Subrata K., 'The
Rational Politics of Cultural Nationalism: Subnational Movements
of South Asia in Comparative Perspective', British Journal of
Political Science (Jan. 1995): pp.57-78. [Analysis of separatist
movements trying to assert control over areas of existing national
states].
Perlmutter, Amos, 'America's
Failed Vision of the World', Insight on the News, 6 Sept. 1993,
pp.32-3. [Flawed U.S. policy of advocating national self-determination
movements].
Picard, Elizabeth, 'Communities
at the Crossroads', UNESCO Courier (June 1993): pp.19-23. [Objectives
of armed groups to gain autonomy].
Pocock, G., 'Nation, Community,
Devolution, and Sovereignty', The Political Quarterly (July-Sept.
1990): pp.318-27.
Quaye, Christopher O., Liberation
Struggles in International Law (Philadelphia: Temple University
Press, 1991).
Reisman, W. M. 'Sovereignty
and Human Rights in Contemporary International Law', American
Journal of International Law (Oct. 1990): pp.866-76.
'The Right to Self-determination:
A Speedy Exercise', UN Chronicle (March 1992): p.89.
Safire, William, 'The Great
Reshuffle', New York Times, 1 Feb. 1993, p.A13. [Moral issues].
Safran, W., 'Non-separatist
Policies Regarding Ethnic Minorities: Positive Approaches and
Ambiguous Consequences', International Political Science Review
(Jan. 1994): pp.61-80.
Schlesinger, P. and N. Wood,
'Boundaries and Identities [Symposium], Media, Culture &
Society (July 1991): pp.291-413.
Tamir, Y. 'The Right to
National Self-determination', Social Research (Fall 1991): pp.565-90.
Tilly, Charles, 'National
Self-Determination as a Problem for All of Us', Daedalus (Summer
1993): pp.29-36. [Discusses principles of self determination].
von Hippel, Karin, 'The
Resurgence of Nationalism and its International Implications',
Washington Quarterly (Autumn 1994): pp.185-200. [Nationalism
and self-determination as threats to international order].
Walzer, M., 'The New Tribalism:
Notes on a Difficult Problem', Dissent (Spring 1992): pp.164-71.
Weller, Marc, 'Breaking
up is Hard to Do', New Statesman & Society, 23 Aug. 1991,
pp.18-19. [Mediation with secessionist movements needed].
Wendt, A. 'Anarchy is What
States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics',
International Organization (Spring 1992): pp.391-425.
'When Countries Splinter',
The Economist, 13 June 1992, p.11-12. [Editorial about the economic
and political consequences of autonomy movements].
WESTERN
EUROPE
Ascherson, Neal, 'The Scottish
Road to Statehood', New Statesman & Society, 20 Dec. 1991,
pp.22-4.
Baxter, Sarah, 'No Time
for Divide and Rule in Scotland', New Statesman & Society,
15 Nov. 1991, p.20. [Scottish Nationalist Party].
Blackburn, Robin, 'Cracks
in the Stately Facade', The Nation, 23 Dec. 1991, pp.810-13.
[Autonomy movement in Scotland].
Cornu, Yves, 'Belgique:
Le virus separatiste, Le point, 19 Sept. 1992, pp.34-6. [Flemish
separatist movement].
Douglas, William A. and
Joseba Zulaika, 'On the Interpretation of Terrorist Violence:
ETA and the Basque Political Process', Comparative Studies in
Society and History (April 1990): pp.238-57.
'For Auld Lang's Syne: Scotland',
The Economist, 6 March 1993, p.59. [Proposals to change the
constitution].
Gardels, Nathan, 'The Limits
of Self-determination', New Perspectives Quarterly (Winter 1992):
pp.50-3. [Interview with Prime Minister of Spain Gonzalez concerning
Catalonia].
Giarelli, Andrew, 'Separatist
Rumbles', World Press Review (May 1994): p.26. [Renewed reports
of separatist movements in Catalonia and Basque region of Spain].
Harvie, Christopher, Scotland
and Nationalism: Scottish Society and Politics 1707-1994, 2nd
ed., (London; New York: Routledge, 1994).
Horwitz, Tony, 'Up in the
Pyrenees, Andorra has Become Latest Mouse to Roar', Wall Street
Journal, 27 April 1993, p.A1. [To become fully independent].
Jones, Benjamin, 'Basques
Fight Back', Europe: Magazine of the European Community (Dec.
1993): pp.42-3. [Basques in Spain defy the armed separatist
group Euzkadi ta Askatasuna (ETA)].
________, 'Basque Terrorist
Leaders Captured', Europe: Magazine of the European Community
(June 1992), p.41. [Arrest of leaders of the armed Basque separatist
group ETA].
LaFranchi, Howard, 'Belgium
Halts Drive to Separate: Once Taken with Europe's Nationalist
Fervor, Belgians Now Seek Unity through a New Charter that Eases
Divisions', Christian Science Monitor, 23 Sept. 1993, p.7.
Melloan, George, 'For the
Disaffected, Italy's Children's Crusade', Wall Street Journal,
21 March 1994, p.A13. [Forza Italia combines the separatist
Northern League and the National Alliance into its coalition
to create a Freedom Alliance].
________, 'Not Only East
Europe is Coming Unglued', Wall Street Journal, 30 March 1992,
p.A17(W), A11(E). [Fragmentation of Western Europe].
Phillips, Andrew and Scott
Steele, 'Scotland's Separatist Aims', Maclean's, 16 March 1992,
pp.26-8.
'Realta regionali e neoregionalismo',
Citta Nuova 8/1-2 (1993): pp.1-58. [Surveys movements for greater
autonomy in Sicily, Friuli-Venezia and Sardinia in Italy].
Riding, Alan, 'Basque Peace
Hopes Rise as the Separatists Wane', New York Times, 28 Jan.
1994, p.A3. [Waning of power of the Basque separatist movement].
Ruzza, Carlo E. and Oliver
Schmidtke, 'Roots of Success of the Lega Lombarda: Mobilisation
Dynamics and the Media', West European Politics (Apr. 1993):
pp.1-23. [Separatist group of the Lega Nord].
Schmidt, William E., 'With
a New Fervor, the Scots Eye Independence', New York Times, 3
March 1992, p.A4.
Steele, Scott, "The
Desire to Go it Alone', Maclean's, 16 March 1992, p.28. [Discusses
movements in Corsica, France; Lombardi, Italy; Flanders and
Wallonia, Belgium; and the Basque region of Spain].
Sturz, James, 'Bossi Boots',
New Republic, 15 Feb. 1993, pp.15-16. [Bossi's separatist political
movement, the Northern League in Italy].
Tabliabue, John, 'In Italian
Election, Brash Words Help', New York Times, 16 March 1994,
p.A4. [Separatist Northern League].
Viviano, Frank, The Fall
of Rome', Mother Jones (Sept. 1993): pp.36-40. [Lega Nord, northern
Italy's separatist movement].
'Wee, but Free, in Europe',
The Economist, 22 Feb. 1992, p.44. [Scottish National Party].
Foreign
Military Studies Office
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/separat.htm
